The Andalus transliteration

Consonants are primary. The Andalus system writes every consonant a Semitic scribe wrote, keeps the letters that European habit blurs, and marks ʾalef/hamza and ʿayin in every language, every time.

Hebrew

Plain vowels, no macrons. No v, no kh, no ts.

• No spirantization in writing. ב is always b, כ always k, פ always f, with or without dageš: debarim (דְּבָרִים), not devarim; katub (כָּתוּב), not katuv.
• The sibilants: שׁ is š, שׂ is s, the same as samek — ʿasah (עָשָׂה), ʾiššah (אִשָּׁה).
• ʾalef and ʿayin are always written, at the start, in the middle and at the end of a word: yisraʾel (יִשְׂרָאֵל), šemaʿ (שְׁמַע).
• Vowels are plain: a, e, i, o, u, with no macrons, breves or circumflexes. Vocal šewa is e, never ə; the ḥatef vowels are a, e, o.
• Vowel letters are vowels: šureq is u, ḥolem-waw o, ḥireq-yod i, ṣere-yod e—holid (הוֹלִיד), katub (כָּתוּב).
• A final ה is written h: ʿamorah (עֲמֹרָה), torah (תּוֹרָה), šanah (שָׁנָה).
• Dageš forte doubles the consonant: ʾiššah (אִשָּׁה), ʾiyyob (אִיּוֹב).

Arabic

Brill/IJMES, with macrons on the long vowels.

• Vowels: short a, i, u; long ā, ī, ū; diphthongs aw, ay—kitāb (كِتاب), yawm (يَوْم), shayʾ (شَيْء).
• Hamza is always written as ʾ, at the start of a word too: ʾīmān (إِيمان), ʾakala (أَكَلَ), muʾmin (مُؤْمِن). The connecting alif, hamzat al-waṣl, is not a hamza and is not written as one: istighfār (اسْتِغْفار), ism, Ibn.
• The article is al-, not assimilated: al-Shams, al-Raḥmān. A hamza after it is still written: al-ʾAnʿām, Kitāb al-ʾUṣūl.
• Tāʾ marbūṭa is -a in pause and -at in construct, and -t after a long ā: sūra, Surat Hūd, ṣalāt (صَلاة).
• Alif maqṣūra is ā: hudā (هُدًى). Shadda doubles the letter, digraphs included: sakhkhara (سَخَّرَ).
• Case endings and nunation are not written in citation forms of nouns; verbs keep their final vowel: kitāb, qāla.

Greek

The current revised version: macrons on ēta and ōmega, φ as f. Greek functions as the carrier language beside the two Semitic scrolls.

• Consonants: χ ch, φ f (not ph), θ th, γ g (never gh or y), κ k (never c), ψ ps, ξ x, ζ z, ρ r (never rh).
• Vowels: α a, ε e, ι i, ο o; η ē and ω ō, with the macron kept on these two.
• υ is y when it stands as a vowel and u in a diphthong: psychē (ψυχή), autos (αὐτός).
• Rough breathing is h, not an apostrophe: hēmera (ἡμέρα), hodos (ὁδός); rēma (ῥῆμα).

Roots

• A root is written with its letters separated and the full letter names spelled out in parentheses. Hebrew takes hyphens and Arabic takes dashes: ח-ר-ב (ḥet–resh–bet) / خ–ر–ب (khāʾ–rāʾ–bāʾ).
• Root entries run Greek first, then Hebrew, then Arabic.
• The letter names in parentheses are transliterations and are italicized; the scripts are never italic.

Prose and citation

• Transliterations are italic in running prose. Scripture woven into prose is italic, without quotation marks.
• Lexical phrasing is “indicates,” never “means.”
• Qurʾan: transliterated surah name, Arabic script, English title in quotes, chapter and verse—Qurʾan, Surat Hūd سورة هود “Hud” 11:44.
• Hebrew Bible and Greek New Testament are cited normally: Genesis 8:4; Luke 9:60.

In this tool the Hebrew transliterations of biblical words are drawn from the OpenScriptures lexical index and brought into Andalus form; the Arabic transliterations are generated from the vocalized Qurʾanic lemmas.